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Preface Database is an entity that always applies to a certain fragment of reality (the area of analysis) and constitutes a collection of data, with specified internal structure, which represents said fragment of reality and makes data retaining easier. The description the database’s inner structure is handled by data models, which allow for precise (usually formalised) depiction of the data’s properties,...

Preface Discrete mathematics is a part of mathematics that deals with discrete structures. The term "discrete" should be understood here in the sense of "not continuous" or "separated from each other" (as opposed to "discreet" meaning "unobtrusive"). In a more restrictive sense, the term "discrete" is also understood as "finite", indicating that the objects of interest in discrete mathematics are finite...

Preface A computer program is a detailed set of instructions that defines the actions that a computer should perform. It is created as a result of the process of creating the program’s source code in a selected programming language, which is a set of rules that determine what sequences of symbols make up a computer program and what calculations describe this program. At a later stage, the source code...